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GA-2 stands for "glutaric acidemia, type 2".  People with GA-2 have problems breaking down fat and prtein into energy for the body. GA-2 has symptoms that are part of two different groupd of disorders: fatty acid oxication disorder and organic acid disorders. GA-2 occurs when one of two different enzymes is either missing or not working properly.  The enzymes responsible for GA-2 are called " electron transfer flavoprotein" (ETF) and "ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase" (ETF:QO).  The job of these enzymes is to help make energy for the body by breaking down certain fats and proteins from the food we eat.  They also break down fat and protein already stored in the body.  Energy from fat and protein keeps us going whenever our body runs low of its main source of energy, a type of sugar called glucose. Our bodies rely mainly on fat when we don't eat for a while - such as when we miss a meal or when we sleep.

When either one of these two enzymes is missing, the body cannot break down protein and fat for energy, and must rely on glucose.
While glucose is a good source of energy, there is a limited amount available.  Once the glucose has been used up, the body tries to use fat and protein with limited success . This leads to the build up of glutaric acid and other harmful substances in the blood.  It also causes low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia.

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MCADD stands for “medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency." It is one type of fatty acid oxidation disorder.  People with these disorders have problems breaking down fat into energy for the body. MCADD occurs when an enzyme, called “medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase” (MCAD), is either missing or not working properly. This enzyme’s job is to break down certain fats in the food we eat into energy.  It also breaks down fat already stored in the body. Energy from fat keeps us going whenever our bodies run low of their main source of energy, a type of sugar called glucose.  Our bodies rely on fat when we don’t eat for a while – such as when we miss a meal or when we sleep. When the MCAD enzyme is missing or not working, the body cannot use fat for energy, and must rely solely on glucose. Although glucose is a good source of energy, there is a limited amount available.  Once the glucose has been used up, the body tries to use fat without success.  This leads to low blood sugar, also called hypoglycemia, and to the build up of harmful substances in the blood.

SCADD stands for "short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency".  It is one type of fatty acid oxidation disorder.  Some people with SDCADD cannot break down fat into energy for the body.  However, most babies with the newborn screening results showing SCADD never have symptoms.  SCADD occurs when an enzyme, called "short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase " (SCAD), is either missing or not working properly. This enzyme's job is to break down certain fats from the food we eat into energy.  It also breaks down fat already stored in the body. Energy from fat keeps us going whenever our bodies run low of their main source of energy, a type of sugar called glucose.  Our bodies rely on fat when we don't eat for a while - such as when we miss a meal or when we sleep.
Some people with SCADD cannot properly break down fat for energy.  However, most people with SCADD do not seem to have this problem and do not ever develop symptoms.

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VLCADD stands for "very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency."  It is one type of fatty acid oxidation disorder.  People with VLCADD have problems breaking down certain types of fat into energy for the body.  VLCADD  occurs when an enzyme, called "very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase" (VLCAD), i.e. either missing or not working properly.  This enzyme’s job is to break down certain fats in the food we eat into energy.  It also breaks down fat already stored in the body. Energy from fat keeps us going whenever our bodies run low of their main source of energy, a type of sugar called glucose.  Our bodies rely on fat when we don’t eat for a while – such as when we miss a meal or when we sleep.